![]() ![]() We used nested real-time reverse transcription Pan-Flavi assay targeting the nonstructural coding gene 5 (NS5) ( 9) to identify the etiologic agent ( 10, 11). At the CVZ, we extracted RNA from the brain tissues by using the RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, ) according to manufacturer’s instructions under Biosafety Level 3 conditions. All the birds were adults that were locally bred from parents imported from Belgium >2 years before.īrain tissue from the 16 birds was sent to the Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases (DVTD), University of Pretoria (Pretoria, South Africa), for virus isolation and to the Centre for Viral Zoonoses (CVZ), University of Pretoria, for zoonotic arbovirus investigations. Also in 2018, a monal pheasant was found dead in North West Province, South Africa. That residence had another incidence in 2018 when a monal pheasant exhibited neurologic disease. Around the same time, a residence in the northern suburbs of Pretoria had 5 monal and 2 tragopan pheasants that exhibited neurologic signs and died. In June 2017, this property had another 4 monal pheasants that displayed signs of lethargy and ataxia and died within a day. In April 2016, two Himalayan monal pheasants ( Lophophorus impejanus) and 1 tragopan pheasant ( Tragopan melanocephalus) suddenly died on a property northeast of Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. We report detection of BAGV in fatalities in Himalayan monal pheasants in South Africa during 2016–2017. Zoonotic transmission was reported in India after patients with acute encephalitis demonstrated 15% positivity for BAGV neutralizing antibodies ( 6). No evidence of the virus has been reported in other parts of Africa. BAGV infection causes neurologic disease in avian species, especially turkeys and other members of the Phasianidae family 1 report suggests that BAGV and ITV are the same viral species ( 3).īAGV also has been detected in various mosquito species in western Africa ( 4, 5), India ( 6), and the Arabian Peninsula ( 7) and in wild partridges in Spain ( 8). In 1978, BAGV was isolated from turkeys with clinical signs similar to Israel turkey meningoencephalitis virus (ITV) in South Africa ( 2). BAGV was isolated in 1966 from Culex mosquitoes in the Bagaza district of Central African Republic ( 1). The flavivirus genus of family Flaviviridae consists of 53 virus species, including arboviruses of medical and veterinary relevance, such as West Nile virus and Bagaza virus (BAGV).
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